Hveem Method

Historically, WSDOT has used the Hveem method although they are transitioning to the Superpave method.  Like the Marshall and Superpave methods, the Hveem method has been proven to produce quality HMA from which long-lasting pavements can be constructed.  This section briefly discusses the Hveem mix design method.
 

Figure 1: California Kneading Compactor	Figure 5: Stabilometer - Hydraulic Portion	Figure 6: Stabilometer

The basic concepts of the Hveem mix design method were originally developed by Francis Hveem when he was a Resident Engineer for the California Division of Highways in the late 1920s and 1930s. 

As done by WSDOT, the Hveem mix design method consists of three basic steps:

1. Aggregate selection.  Different agencies/owners specify different methods of aggregate acceptance.  Typically, a battery of aggregate physical tests is run periodically on each particular aggregate source.  Then, for each mix design, gradation and size requirements are checked.  Normally, aggregate from more than one source is required to meet gradation requirements.
2. Asphalt binder selection.  WSDOT uses the Superpave PG system for asphalt binder specification, therefore it is typically used to specify the asphalt binder in the Hveem method.  Older documents may refer to the now-replaced aged residue (AR) system.  Commonly used grades in the AR system were AR-4000W and AR-2000W. 

3. Optimum asphalt binder content determination.  In the Hveem method, this step can be broken up into 5 substeps:
   • Prepare 6 initial samples, each at a different asphalt binder content.  For instance, one sample each might be made at 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and 7 percent asphalt by dry weight for a total of six samples.
   • Compact these trial mixes in the California Kneading Compactor (see Figure 1).  This compactor is specific to the Hveem mix design method.    
   • Test the samples for stability and cohesion using the Hveem stabilometer (see Figures 2 and 3) and cohesiometer.  These tests are specific to the Hveem mix design method.  Passing values of stability and cohesion depend upon the mix class being evaluated.  Typically, all samples pass the cohesion test and three or four pass the stability test. 
   • Determine the density and other volumetric properties of the samples.
   • Select the optimum asphalt binder content.  The asphalt binder content corresponding to 4 percent air voids is selected as long as this binder content passes stability and cohesion requirements.

Basic WSDOT Hveem mix design specifications from the WSDOT 2002 Standard Specifications for Road, Bridge and Municipal Construction (M 41-10) are shown in the table below.  This table does not list all specifications. 

Table 1: Basic WSDOT Hveem Mix Design Specifications

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